Solution:
Try this code, You should have another loop for children if exists.
@php
$json = $categories->column;
$array= json_decode($json , true);
@endphp
@foreach ($array as $key => $value)
<li>{{ $value["id"] }}</li>
//another loop for children if exists
@if (isset($value["children"]))
@foreach ($value["children"] as $child_key => $child_value)
<li class="childs">{{ $child_value["id"] }}</li>
@endforeach
@endif
@endforeach
Your output will be this.
1
2
3
4
5